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[1] International Primatological Society,Passing of Prof. Frans de Waal. https://internationalprimatologicalsociety.org/passing-of-prof-frans-de-waal/

[2] Frans de Waal, Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals, Harvard University, 1996, p.20.

[3] Neanderthal, Directors: Vikram Jayanti, Andrew Jackson, Ian Dodd, Hannah Jayanti, 2018.

[4] ¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¥É¥¥¥ô¥¡©`¥ëÖø¡º„ÓÎï¤ÎÙt¤µ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¤Û¤ÉÈËég¤ÏÙt¤¤¤Î¤«¡»ËÉ›gÕÜÀɱOÔU²ñÌïÔ£Ö®ÔU£¬¼oÒÁ‡øÎÝ•øµê£¬2017¡£71-72.

[5] Frans de Waal, The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections by a Primatologist, Basic Books, 2001. P.6.

[6] ¾©¶¼´óѧÕÔÁÁ£º¡°¼àÒëµÄ¾©¶¼´óѧËÉÔó½ÌÊڼ̳в¢·¢Õ¹Á˶ÔÁ鳤ÀදÎïµÄÑо¿£¬ËûÃÇʵÑéÊÒµÄÃ÷ÐǺÚÐÉÐɾݳÆÓÐÏ൱ÓÚ5ËêСº¢µÄÖÇÉÌ£¬Ä³Ð©·½Ãæ¸üÇ¿¡£¡±

[7] Charles T. Snowdon, From Primate Communication to Human Language. Frans de Waal (Editor), Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution, Harvard University Press, 2001. Pp.195-196.

[8] Frans de Waal, Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals, Harvard University, 1996, p.35.

[9] ¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¥É¥¥¥ô¥¡©`¥ëÖø¡º„ÓÎï¤ÎÙt¤µ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¤Û¤ÉÈËég¤ÏÙt¤¤¤Î¤«¡»ËÉ›gÕÜÀɱOÔU²ñÌïÔ£Ö®ÔU£¬¼oÒÁ‡øÎÝ•øµê£¬2017¡£39.

[10] ¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¥É¥¥¥ô¥¡©`¥ëÖø¡º„ÓÎï¤ÎÙt¤µ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¤Û¤ÉÈËég¤ÏÙt¤¤¤Î¤«¡»ËÉ›gÕÜÀɱOÔU²ñÌïÔ£Ö®ÔU£¬¼oÒÁ‡øÎÝ•øµê£¬2017¡£71.

[11] ÒýÓÃ¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¥É¥¥¥ô¥¡©`¥ëÖø¡º„ÓÎï¤ÎÙt¤µ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¤Û¤ÉÈËég¤ÏÙt¤¤¤Î¤«¡»ËÉ›gÕÜÀɱOÔU²ñÌïÔ£Ö®ÔU£¬¼oÒÁ‡øÎÝ•øµê£¬2017¡£351.

[12] ÕÔ¾©£¬Hume/¨Ï¨é¨Ç/ÐÝÚÓµÀµÂÕÜѧÒë×¢£¬2023Äê6ÔÂ3ÈÕ¡£

[13] Frans de Waal, Peacemaking Among Primates, Harvard University Press, 1989. p.270.

[14] ¡¶Ê±´ú¡·ÔÓÖ¾2007Ä꣺ӰÏìÎÒÃÇÊÀ½çµÄ100ÈË¡£

[15] Frans de Waal, Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals, Harvard University, 1996, p.39.

[16] Frans de Waal, Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals, Harvard University, 1996, p.36.

[17]ÕÔ¾©£¬¿Ë³°üÌؽð¶ÔÏÖ´úÉç»áµÄÔÙÆôÃÉ£¬2008Äê10ÔÂ26ÈÕÔÙÐÞ¶©¡£

[18] Frans de Waal, The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections by a Primatologist, Basic Books, 2001. P.122.

[19] Frans de Waal, Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals, Harvard University, 1996, pp.22-24.

[20] Frans de Waal, The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections by a Primatologist, Basic Books, 2001. P.344.

[21] ÒýÓÃFrans de Waal, The Ape and the Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections by a Primatologist, Basic Books, 2001. P.315.


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