空难调查专家感慨韩亚空难：头次见如此多人逃生不忘行李
2013/7/9 福布斯杂志 John Goglia 撰文
飞机失事后乘客疏散时，分秒差别可能就是阴阳两隔。让人大跌眼镜的是，大量照片显示韩亚航空公司214航班在旧金山国际机场失事后，乘客疏散时却带着个 人行李，甚至包括必须放在头顶行李舱内的踏板车。至少有一名男乘客在接受《纽约时报》（New York Times）采访时，表示他先抓的是行李，然后才是他的孩子。按照这个顺序，我只能说很庆幸火势蔓延的速度并不快。
尽管波音等飞机制造商过去几十年中在提升失事时乘客生还率方面做了很多工作，其中包括使用阻燃材料，事实上类似的失事事件经常会导致油路或油箱破裂。一旦航油泄漏，极易接触引擎这样的炙热表面并开始燃烧。燃油也可能因为其他原因而引燃，例如机身与地面摩擦产生的火花。
一旦引燃，航油的燃烧速度极快。只要条件成熟，即便是飞机的蒙皮也会烧穿，并很快在机舱内燃烧开来。无论在阻燃材料方面做多少努力，飞机内部并不防火。除了火灾本身，还有塑料、地毯，以及乘客个人物品燃烧后产生的有毒烟雾。
在我参与调查或熟悉的飞机失事事件中，这是第一次看到这么多乘客带着个人物品疏散的。这对其他乘客带来什么影响以及造成的伤害的程度，都需要由美国全国 运输安全委员会（NTSB）来认定。最起码，我认为应该发起一场活动以提高公众意识，确保危急时刻乘客不会阻碍疏散行动。既然航空公司和联邦航空局明确指 出，人员可幸存的事故可能会因为乘客浪费时间收拾个人行李而陷入被动，它们就应该赶在可幸存事故中会出现不必要伤亡之前，针对上述问题采取行动。
译 侯婕 校 陈岳林
San Francisco 777 Crash: Why Did So Many Passengers Evacuate With Bags?
When seconds can mean the difference between life and death in escaping an aircraft accident, it was startling to see so many photographs from the crash of Asiana Flight 214 at San Francisco International Airport of people carrying out bags, including roller boards that must have come out of the overhead luggage bins. At least one man interviewed in the New York Times indicated that he grabbed his bags and then his child. In that order. All I can say is that it was very fortunate that the fire was slow to spread.
While aircraft manufacturers like Boeing have done much in the last couple of decades to improve survivability in aircraft accidents by including materials that are fire-retardant, the fact remains that accidents such as this one often result in ruptured fuel lines or fuel tanks. Once aviation fuel spills, the chances are great that it will come in contact with a hot surface like an engine and ignite. Or the fuel could ignite for other reasons, including sparks caused by the fuselage skidding along the tarmac.
Once the fuel ignites it spreads very quickly. Even the skin of an aircraft will burn through under the right conditions spreading the fire inside the aircraft very quickly. And no matter how much work has been done in the area of fire-retarding materials, the interior of an aircraft is not fire-proof. In addition to the fire itself, of course, is the danger from the toxic fumes created by the burning of plastic materials, carpets, as well as passenger belongings.
Of all the aircraft accidents I have investigated or am familiar with, this is the first where it appears significant numbers of people took their belongings with them in escaping. What impact this had on other passengers and the extent of their injuries will need to be determined by the NTSB. At a minimum, it seems clear to me that a public awareness campaign needs to be launched to ensure that passengers do not impede the evacuation of an aircraft in an emergency. Certainly now that airlines and the FAA are clearly on notice that survivable accidents could be imperiled by passengers wasting time collecting their bags, they need to take action to address this issue before anyone needlessly dies in a survivable accident. |
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